Liubov V. Golovanova*, Vladimir B. Doronichev*,Ekaterina V. Doronicheva**, Marianna A. Kulkova***, Tatiana V. Sapelko****, Iurii N. Spasovskii*****

*Autonomic non-commercial organization “Laboratory of prehistory”, St.-Petersburg (labprehistory@yandex.ru)

**Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) RAS, St.-Petersburg (labprehistory@yandex.ru)

***The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St.-Petersburg (edoronicheva@hotmail.ru)

****The Institute of limnology RAS, St.-Petersburg (tsapelko@mail.ru)

*****The Shaposhnikov Caucasian State Natural Biosphere Reserve, Maikop (b.bonasus@mail.ru)

Key words: the Neolithic, silicon industry, ceramics, Caucasus.

The article presents preliminary results of studying the Neolithic settlement in the Mezaiskaya cave (Northern-Western Caucasus). In the beginning of the Atlantic period (8–7. 5 million years ago) the cave served as a seasonal hunting seat. The studying of silicon reservoirs testifies the wide development of the region by a human of this region in the Neolithic Age.